Canada
TURKEY
COUNTRIES A-Z
ECONOMIC DETAILS OF TURKEY

ECONOMY OVERVIEW
Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that still accounts for more than 35% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The largest industrial sector is textiles and clothing, which accounts for one-third of industrial employment; it faces stiff competition in international markets with the end of the global quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive and electronics industries, are rising in importance within Turkey's export mix. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. The economy is turning around with the implementation of economic reforms, and 2004 GDP growth reached 9%, followed by roughly 5% annual growth from 2005-06. Inflation fell to 7.7% in 2005 - a 30-year low but climbed back to 9.8% in 2006. Despite the strong economic gains from 2002-06, which were largely due to renewed investor interest in emerging markets, IMF backing, and tighter fiscal policy, the economy is still burdened by a high current account deficit and high debt. Prior to 2005, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey averaged less than $1 billion annually, but further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost FDI. Privatization sales are currently approaching $21 billion. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. 
GDP - purchasing power parity:
$635.6 billion (2006 est.) 

GDP - real growth rate:
5.3% (2006 est.) 


GDP - per capita:
$9,000 (2006 est.) 

GDP - by sector (agriculture):
agriculture: 11.2% 

GDP - by sector (industry):
industry: 29.4% 

GDP - by sector (services):
services: 59.4% (2006 est.) 


Export Partners:
Germany 11.4%, UK 8%, Italy 7.9%, US 5.9%, France 5.4%, Spain 4.3% (2006) 

Import Partners:
Russia 12.7%, Germany 10.6%, China 7%, Italy 6.3%, France 4.8%, US 4.3%, Iran 4.1% (2006) 

Export Commodities:
apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment 

Import Commodities:
machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment 
Exports Volume:
$85.21 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) 

Imports Volume:
$120.9 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) 


 
Labour Force:
24.8 million 

Unemployment Rate:
10.2% plus underemployment of 4% (2006 est.) 

Population below poverty line:
20% (2002) 

Inflation Rate:
9.8% (2006 est.) 

Investment (gross fixed):
20.1% of GDP (2006 est.) 

Public Debt:
64.7% of GDP (2006 est.) 


Agriculture Products:
tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock 

Industries:
textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper 

Industrial Production Growth Rate:
5.5% (2006 est.) 


 
Electricity - production:
143.3 billion kWh (2004) 

Electricity - consumption:
140.3 billion kWh (2005) 

Electricity - exports:
1.1 billion kWh (2004) 

Electricity - imports:
500 million kWh (2004) 


 
Oil - production:
50,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) 

Oil - consumption:
715,100 bbl/day (2005 est.) 

Oil - exports:
46,110 bbl/day (2001) 

Oil - imports:
616,500 bbl/day (2001) 


 
Natural gas - production:
688 million cu m (2004 est.) 

Natural gas - consumption:
 

Natural gas - exports:
 

Natural gas - imports:
 


Current Account Balance:
-$25.99 billion (2006 est.) 

Currency Code:
Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005 



 
 
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